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Description: Cell Membrane, Active Transport
One year before Skou presented his sodium pump hypothesis, Podolsky and Morales demonstrated that the high-energy-phosphate-bond concept was in serious trouble. To wit, the so-called "high energy phosphate bond" does not contain high energy. Podolsky and Morales's conclusion was based on the more precise measurement of the heat of hydrolysis of ATP and a (judicious) correction for the heat of neutralization of the acid liberated during the hydrolysis. Thermodynamic analyses led George and Rutman to a similar conclusion: that there is no high energy in the so-called high-energy phosphate bond.
http://www.bioparadigma.spb.ru/hidden_history/ch12.htm