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BOOK REVIEW
THE JUSTICE GAP
Whatever happened to legal aid?
By Steve Hynes and Jon Robins
ISBN: 978-1-903307-63-2
LAG (Legal Action Group)
www.lag.org.uk
LEGAL AID: JUSTICE FOR ALL?
Or ‘THE MOST FRIENDLESS WING OF THE WELFARE STATE?’
An appreciation by Phillip Taylor MBE and Elizabeth Taylor of Richmond Green Chambers
Legal aid in the United Kingdom has had a chequered history. As Baroness Helena Kennedy QC says in the foreword to this important book, the original intention of legal aid was that it was ‘to be an essential component of our welfare system and ‘to be the legal services pillar of the welfare state.’
On 30th July 1949 when the Legal Aid and Advice Act was granted royal assent, its purpose was to ensure that anyone who needed legal advice would be able to access it – a laudable and utopian aim, but like most utopian objectives, very difficult to sustain and uphold. Disturbingly, legal aid has since been tinkered with, tampered with and considerably eroded.
View with alarm, for example just two examples of such erosion (among hundreds) cited by authors Steve Hynes and Jon Robins. ‘Successive governments since the 19080s’, they note, ‘had been toying with a conundrum: how to withdraw legal aid without removing access to justice for the ordinary person….According to a report from the London School of Economics, nine million adults fell out of scope for personal injury between 1972 and 1989’.
‘In 2000,’ say the authors, ‘New Labour embarked on a huge gamble. In one fell swoop ministers scrapped legal aid for routine personal injury cases. The almost immediate result was the emergence of new breeds of entrepreneurial law firms and a new breed of non-lawyer companies to fill the newly created justice gap.’ Thus was the legal landscape dismayingly and markedly changed amid waves of quietly expressed disquiet among those few members of the public who knew what was happening.
The publication of this book marks the 60th anniversary of the Legal Aid and Advice Act. In the words of Helena Kennedy, it ‘represents the first major critique of the government’s lamentable record on legal aid.’ The book provides both a history of and commentary on legal aid and delivers well informed and timely criticism of the current government’s attempts to reform the system. Published by the Legal Action Group, the book takes an admirably practical stance on this thorny and difficult subject, postulating and suggesting a number of essential reforms to bridge that almost unbridgeable ‘justice gap.’
‘The book is an impressive attempt, says Liberty Director, Shami Chakrabarti, ‘at preserving the hope that everyone might have access to justice in this country’.
One hopes that ‘The Justice Gap’ will be considered essential reading – and an essential purchase -- by policy makers present and future, as well as students and practitioners.
Abstract: This article describes an alternative approach to addressing juvenile crime that focuses on the interests of multiple justice clients. Alternatively referred to as restorative justice, the balanced approach, and balanced and restorative justice (BRJ)...
Abstract: This article describes an alternative approach to addressing juvenile crime that focuses on the interests of multiple justice clients. Alternatively referred to as restorative justice, the balanced approach, and balanced and restorative justice (BRJ)...
Abstract: This article describes an alternative approach to addressing juvenile crime that focuses on the interests of multiple justice clients. Alternatively referred to as restorative justice, the balanced approach, and balanced and restorative justice (BRJ)...
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Abstract: This article reported the results of 2 studies that examined reactions to procedural justice in teams. Both studies predicted that individual members' reactions would be driven not just by their own procedural justice levels but also by the justice e...
Abstract: The field of organizational justice continues to be marked by several important research questions, including the size of relationships among justice dimensions, the relative importance of different justice criteria, and the unique effects of justice...
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Abstract: Should the nation provide expensive care and scarce organs to convicted felons? We distinguish between two fields of justice: Medical Justice and Societal Justice. Although there is general acceptance within the medical profession that physicians may...
Abstract: Organizational justice research traditionally focuses on the unique predictability of different types of justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional) and the relative importance of these types of justice on outcome variables. Recently, resea...
Abstract: There is a concern that genetic engineering will exacerbate existing social divisions and inequalities, especially if only the wealthy can afford genetic enhancements. Accordingly, many argue that justice requires the imposition of constraints on gen...
Abstract: This study compared three groups of substance abuse clients drawn from a representative sample of community treatment facilities in a large metropolitan area. Clients mandated to treatment from the criminal justice system (CJ-mandated; n = 124), clie...
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Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Organisational justice has been proposed as a new way to examine the impact of psychosocial work environment on employee health. This article studied the justice of interpersonal treatment by supervisors (the relational component of organi...
Abstract: This work examined the effect of procedural justice and item frame on responses to positively and negatively worded survey items. Under conditions of low procedural justice, there is a significant difference in the rating of distributive justice item...
Abstract: This article argues that it is not uncommon for people forming justice judgments to lack information that is most relevant in the particular situation. In information-uncertain conditions, people may therefore construct justice judgments by relying o...
Abstract: The South African Constitutional Court's jurisprudence provides a path-breaking illustration of the social justice potential of an enforceable right to health. It challenges traditional objections to social rights by showing that their enforcement ne...
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Abstract: Public health is increasingly joining forces with managed care, yet the effect of this partnership on public health nursing (PHN) has received little scrutiny. The feasibility and consequences of a public-private alliance raise questions about whethe...