Concepts about the liquid state that are inconsistent with the facts are noted, and solvent under tension is one of them. Osmosis is not present in a solution: it is a process in the presence of a sem...
Water is separated from brines by a semipermeable membrane. Water flows by osmosis across the membrane into a sealed chamber where it creates pressure. This pressure is transmitted by a water-immiscib...
A brief summary is presented of the Gibbsian view of chemical drives and of its mechanical interpretation, including a description of the "diffusion force" that arises from an interplay between fluctu...
A mathematical description is presented of osmotic flows across both ideally semipermeable membranes and membranes permeable not only for the solvent but also for the solute. The principles of thermod...