Sorting of ubiquitylated cargo proteins, such as transmembrane receptors, into multivesicular bodies (endosomes filled with intraluminal vesicles (ILVs)) is catalysed by the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery. ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II bind cargo proteins, ESCRT-III remodels the membrane, and the Vps4–Vta1 complex