(American Associates, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev) The US-AID MERC grant will address biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes during reclamation of secondary wastewater. Reverse osmosis membrane filtration is normally used for desalination and reclamation of secondary effluents, removing organics and undesired salts from water. The grant project, "Reclamation of Secondary Effluents with Reverse Osmosis Membranes (RO): Fouling Mechanisms and Control," will focus on the mechanisms by which microbial biofilm formation on RO membranes ("biofouling") impacts the decrease in membrane performance.