When the global human population recently expanded to 7 billion people, there was renewed discussion of how we will manage to produce all of the items that we directly and indirectly need from agricultural crops--including food for ourselves and our livestock, fibers, fuel, and various tree-based products--while also maintaining healthy ecosystems and making land available for other purposes su
Adipokines are emerging as key molecules linking obesity to breast cancer and are found in the tumor microenvironment. This Review discusses the role of peritumoral stroma, adipose tissue and secreted adipokines in breast cancer biology, focusing on leptin and the crosstalk between leptin and estrogen signaling.
In response to my Review (Gene–environment-wide association studies: emerging approaches. Nature Reviews Genetics11, 259–272 (2010)), van IJzendoorn et al. (Gene-by-environment experiments: a new approach to finding the missing heritability. Nature Rev. Genet. 18 Nov
For many reasons, tests of the environment, and particularly of gene-by-environment (G×E) interactions, have been left out of genome-wide association (GWA) estimates of genetic main effects. A tutorial on the current study designs for mapping G×E interactions is provided by Duncan Thomas (Gene–environment-wide association studies:
Recent work on behavioural variation within and between species has furthered our understanding of the genetic architecture of behavioural traits, the identities of relevant genes and the ways in which genetic variants affect neuronal circuits to modify behaviour. Here we review our understanding of the
Problems like anxiety and depression are caused by psychological and environmental factors, and are known to be influenced by genetic proclivities. However, it is still not clear how each factor affects the brain's functions to induce anxious and depressive symptoms.
In response to infection, CD8+ T cells integrate multiple signals and undergo an exponential increase in cell numbers.
Environmental DNA Questions Answered
In the United States, we have come to depend upon plentiful and inexpensive energy to support our economy and lifestyles.
Problems like anxiety and depression are caused by psychological and environmental factors, and are known to be influenced by genetic proclivities. However, it is still not clear how each factor affects the brain's functions to induce anxious and depressive symptoms.
