Dietary fish and serum lipoproteins

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Dietary factors other than fat and fibre have been reported to influence colon cancer risk, in particular a protective effect of cruciferous vegetables (Graham et al., 1978) and an increased risk associated with beer consumption (Breslow and Enstrom, 1974) have been suggested. The role of these dietary aspects is however less well understood than that of fat and fibre; for beer consumption the statistical association has been suggested to be a non-causal nature (Jensen, 1979; Jensen, 1982). In summary then the epidemiological pattern of colon c...

Weaned male Lewis rats were pair-fed diets containing 62.7% fructose or starch and either 6-7 mg Cu/kg diet (adequate) or 0.7 mg Cu/kg diet (deficient) for 33 d. Antibody titers after primary immunization with sheep erythrocytes were significantly lower in rats fed copper-deficient diets. Compared to starch, fructose markedly attenuated antibody production in copper-deficient rats. Dietary carbohydrate did not affect the humoral immune response of rats fed diets with adequate copper. Concentrations of copper in thymus, spleen, liver and heart w...

The Dietary Risk Assessment (DRA) is a brief dietary assessment tool used to identify dietary behaviors associated with cardiovascular disease. Intended for use by physicians and other nondietitians, the DRA identifies healthful and problematic dietary behaviors and alerts the physician to patients who require further nutrition counseling. To determine the relative validity of this tool, we compared it to the 7-Day Dietary Recall (an instrument developed to assess intake of dietary fat) and to the average of 7 telephone-administered 24-hour die...

Recent research has implicated dietary fish oils in the reduction of eicosanoids formed from arachidonic acid and amelioration of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis and inflammation. Feeding studies were conducted to determine if the efficacy of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish oils was influenced by the quantity of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the total level of fat in the diet. Groups of mice were fed diets composed of 5 and 20% total fat with varying proportions of linoleic acid as...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of the PREMIER study lifestyle interventions on dietary intakes and adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern and the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). DESIGN: An 18-month multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing two multicomponent lifestyle intervention programs to an advice only control group. SUBJECTS/SETTING: A total of 810 participants were recruited from local communities and randomized into the study. Individuals were eligible if they were aged 25 years or...

Standard protocols for conducting chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies have been refined over the years to carefully control for many variables. Nevertheless, over the last 2 decades, there has been a steady increase in variability, a decrease in survival, an increase in tumor incidence rates, and an increase in the average body weight of control animals among the various rodent species and strains used for toxicity testing. These observations have prompted an evaluation of chronic study designs to determine what factor(s) may be respon...

1. Two experiments were conducted with male broiler chicks from 2 to 5 weeks of age to determine the effect of dietary protein content and amino acid balance on the response to dietary sulphur-containing amino acids (SAA) in terms of performance and carcase quality. 2. In experiment 1, 5 graded amounts of a DL-methionine and L-cysteine (1:1 by weight) mixture were added to basal diets containing 197 or 233 g crude protein/kg. The diets containing 197 g protein/kg were fed with or without the further addition of 36 g crude protein/kg from noness...

The human diet contains numerous endocrine-active compounds that influence mammalian physiology. The effects of these dietary compounds may be mediated by interaction with well-characterized intracellular hormone receptors or by other effects on patterns of endogenous hormone production, metabolism, target tissue signaling, growth, or differentiation. Because humans evolved as omnivores, the spectrum of dietary compounds that can be tolerated at modest levels of intake without frank toxicity is broad. Modest intake of these diverse nonnutritive...

The aim of this study was to compare dietary habits and nutrient intake of hypertensive smokers with hypertensive non-smokers. The study population comprised 30 hypertensive smokers and 35 non-smokers, aged 30-60y. The participants were subjected to a triple 24-h diet recall and to a dietary habits questionnaire. The results showed that smokers had unhealthy patterns of nutrient intake. Smokers declared consuming too much fat, cholesterol and too low antioxidant vitamins, calcium and fibre. It was found that concentration of vitamin E in smoker...

The containment of damaging oxygen species by antioxidant nutrients has led to the speculation that the RDA for these specific nutrients may be overly low. Among these nutrients are vitamin E, vitamin C, and to a lesser extent beta-carotene and selenium. Evidence for the role of these nutrients in cancer and heart disease is evaluated. The case is presented for an increase of two-fold for the vitamin C RDA and between three and five-fold for vitamin E; for establishing 15 mg as the RDA for beta-carotene; for no change in the vitamin A RDA; and ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe the distribution of serum lipids and examine the relationship between serum lipids and dietary and non-dietary factors. DESIGN: A randomised survey. SETTING: The survey was carried out in Tianjin, China. SUBJECTS: Altogether 680 subjects were screened. Forty-nine of those were excluded but 314 men and 317 women remained. INTERVENTION: The serum lipids were measured by enzymatic methods. The diet was assessed by food weighing plus consecutive individual 3-day food records. RESULTS: The mean cholesterol concentrations were...

OBJECTIVE--We followed the clinical course of four patients with type I hyperlipidemia from two kindreds who presented at an early age. PATIENTS--Two propositi presented with severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea at 8 and 10 weeks of age. They also exhibited delayed growth. We compared their course with that of two siblings (one sibling of each proband) who also have familial hyperchylomicronemia but were diagnosed and have subsequently shown normal growth. MAIN RESULTS--Although each sibling pair possesses the same lipoprotein lipase gene ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlates of central adiposity. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 926 women (aged 40-60 years) from all districts of Tehran. METHODS: Demographic data were collected and anthropometric indices were measured according to standard protocols. Dietary intakes were assessed by means of a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The suggested cut-off point for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR>or=0.84) for Tehrani people, adjusted for their age group, was used to determine central adiposity...