STUDY OF ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS IN THE 2D MATERIALS REPRESENTED BY GRAPHENE AND MAGNETIC NANO-RIBBONS


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  • Author:  Maher Zakaria Ahmed Selim  

  • Abstract:  

     The discovery of graphene - a 2D material with superior physical properties - in 2004 is an important

    part of the intensive global research to find alternatives to 3D semiconductor materials
    in the industry. At the same time there have been intensive advanced in the 2D magnetic materials.
The superior properties of graphene are mainly attributed to both its crystal structure - 2D
honey comb lattice - and its short-range interactions. These properties show that the physics of
natur al and artificial 2D materials are promising candidates to start a new industrial paradigm.
In this thesis we have investigated the e ects of the 2D lattices structures, the range of
the interaction as nearest neighbor (NN) and next nearest neighbor (NNN) interaction, and the
form ing of bilayer systems in the electronic and the magnetic excitations in several 2D materials
represented by zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons as well as magnetic nanodots
arrayed in stripes. The theoretical method employed throughout the thesis is based on the second
q uantization forms of both the tight-binding Hamiltonian for electronic excitations and the
Heis enberg Hamiltonian for magnetic excitations.
The results show that 2D lattices structures of these materials play a crucial rule in determining
< div>the shape of its dispersion relation. The case of the 2D square lattice shows an
unexp ected dispersion relation for the area and edge spin waves as they only have optic modes
br anches. In contrast, the case of the 2D honeycomb lattice shows very similar dispersion
relation of magnetic nanodots stripes and their graphene counterpart.
The study shows that introducing NNN with small strength interaction to the 2D materials
removes the materials NN dispersion relations symmetry around the Fermi level and shifting
the Fermi level, while increasing the NNN strength interaction compared to NN interaction
< div>change completely the 2D materials NN dispersion relations. The results also show that the 2D
mater ial sensitivity for NNN hopping e ect is dependent on their lattice structure.
The study also shows that forming the 2D materials as a bilayer system gives the possibility < div>of tuning the system properties by changing many available parameters such that the interlayer hopping strength, introducing impurities, and changing the range of the interaction.
Finally, the tridiagonal method has been used to distinguish between edges modes and
area modes in order to study the edge sites properties e ect on edge localized states of semiinfinite
zigzag 2D honeycomb sheet. The results show a realistic behavior for the dependance
of edge localized states of zigzag graphene on the edge sites properties which explains many

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