Color Doppler flow imaging

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We studied surface adherence and its effects on color Doppler jet areas and color encoding in an in vitro model with a noncompliant receiving chamber into which a steady flow jet was directed parallel to either a straight or a curved surface adjacent to and 4 mm away from the inflow orifice (1.50 mm2) with the control condition being a free jet matched for flow rates and driving pressures. Jets were imaged perpendicular to the plane of the surface, the plane in which most clinical images of jet-surface interactions are obtained. Ten different f...

Influence of the Coanda effect on color Doppler jet area and color encoding. In vitro studies using color Doppler flow mapping. Chao K, Moises VA, Shandas R, Elkadi T, Sahn DJ, Weintraub R. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California San Diego. We studied surface adherence and its effects on color Doppler jet areas and color encoding in an in vitro model with a noncompliant receiving chamber into which a steady flow jet was directed parallel to either a straight or a curved surface adjacent to and 4 mm away from the inflow o...

Color Doppler is routinely used in estimates of valvular regurgitation. Velocity and subsequently flow measurements are made at about 7-10 cm from the ultrasonic transducer. Error in velocity measurement may occur due to spatial broadening of the color Doppler beam in the axial, azimuthal and lateral directions. Error in velocity may also occur due to wall filters since the filtering process is not uniform throughout the velocity range indicated by the color bar. An attempt to estimate this error was made using an in vitro orifice model, a nume...

The objective of this study was to determine the validity of estimation of regurgitant volume by visual assessment of color flow Doppler display. An experimental apparatus was designed that is capable of ejecting precise volumes of echogenic material from one chamber to another under continuous color flow Doppler monitoring. The velocity of flow was altered independently by changing either the size of the orifice through which flow occurred or the ejection rate. In this manner the differential effects of volume and velocity on the color flow Do...

Echocardiography has contributed to the exploration of the heart by providing much information, and it has even given rise to new semiological concepts. However, abnormalities of intracardial blood flow, notably shunts and regurgitations, could only be diagnosed indirectly from their effects on cardiac cavities. A new step forward was the advent of pulsed and continuous doppler ultrasound, since from that moment it has been possible to demonstrate abnormal blood flows, to measure their velocity and to determine, albeit with some reservation, su...

Color Doppler flow imaging has become an integral part of the echocardiographic examination. By providing real-time, two-dimensional spatial maps of normal and abnormal cardiac blood flows, this technique provides important information that may be used to guide patient management. The acquisition and display of color Doppler flow information may be influenced by technical factors, by the physiological condition of the patient, by abnormalities of cardiac morphology, and, on occasion, by artifact. In this article, the results of a study performe...

M-mode color Doppler imaging of the myocardium affords a greater sampling rate and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio than 2-dimensional (2D) imaging. In this study, we compared myocardial velocities assessed by 2D and M-mode Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) at the same site and evaluated the influence of the S/N ratio on velocity estimates of the currently used DTI systems. In patients with and without impaired regional left ventricular function, myocardial velocities assessed by 2D DTI were lower than those obtained with M-mode DTI. The difference betwe...

The author evaluates the possibilities of coloured Doppler vaginosonography for prebioptic evaluation of the nature of ovarian tumours. He investigated the site of vascularization of tumours and qualitatively the blood flow by assessing the vascular resistance (PI, RI) and character of the flow velocity curve. The results revealed a statistically significant (p < or = 0.05) trend of central vascularization of malignant tumours. A new parameter with a 100% sensitivity and 89% specificity proved to be the notch at the beginning of the diastolic p...

OBJECTIVE: We compared color Doppler velocity sonography and color Doppler energy sonography for the diagnosis of spermatic cord torsion in a canine model and determined the degree of torsion necessary to acutely halt testicular blood flow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spermatic cord torsion was created in five dogs by exposing and rotating the ipsilateral testis 0 degree, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, 360 degrees, 450 degrees, and 540 degrees. Detorsion followed. The testicles were scanned at each torsion stop using both color Doppler velocity sonograph...

BACKGROUND: The preoperative staging of lung cancer can be problematical when we attempt to evaluate T factor (T2-T3 versus T4) and N factor (N0 versus N1-N2). In some cases, radiology tests (CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging) cannot entirely dispel the possibility that the mediastinal structures have been infiltrated. N factor is evaluated mainly by dimensional criteria. However, mediastinoscopy and mediastinotomy do not allow the full exploration of all mediastinal mode stations. METHOD: Starting in 1995, we submitted 10 consecutive patient...

The eyeball is perfectly suited for ultrasound examination due to its location and structure. The ultrasound examination including the "color Doppler" and "power Doppler" option was performed in 59 patients. Ophthalmologists requested ultrasound examination in those patients mainly in order to confirm and differentiate retinal ablation or because of opacity of vitreous body of the eye. The ultrasound examination was performed with a Logiq 500 f-y GE unit equipped with a 7.5 MHz linear transducer and a 7.5 MHz linear transducer and a Hitachi 415...

To overcome the limitations of mitral inflow parameters for predicting pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), combined indices (with Doppler tissue imaging or color M-mode Doppler) have been developed. This study was aimed to compare the accuracy of these indices to predict PCWP. Sixty-one patients were studied. The best correlations with PCWP were found for indices that combined isovolumic relaxation time with flow propagation velocity (color M-mode) or early diastolic velocity of the lateral mitral annulus (Doppler tissue). Both closely t...

The Doppler signal of blood flow originates from the sonographic scattering from the circulating red blood cells. However, the physics of blood flow is complex as expressed by the Bernoulli equation, and the flow velocity at different positions in the laminar flow of the same vessel is variable. Using multigate spectral Doppler scanning, we recorded multiple Doppler flow signals over a segment of the umbilical artery and compared the results with traditional pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. The intraobserver variations of the pulsatility index, ...

To evaluate the utility of measurements of the color Doppler jet area, jet length, and width of the color Doppler-imaged vena contracta (the smallest flow diameter in any part of the flow acceleration field) as methods for quantifying aortic regurgitation (AR), eight sheep with surgically induced AR were studied. AR was quantified as peak and mean regurgitant flow rates, regurgitant stroke volumes, and regurgitant fractions as determined with pulmonary and aortic electromagnetic flow probes and flowmeters balanced against each other. Simple lin...

PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) and contrast-enhanced PDUS (CEPDUS) in the depiction and characterization of experimentally induced arthritis in the rabbit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups consisting of one control group (saline injection group) and two experimental groups: a suppurative arthritis group and a chemically induced synovitis group. The same amount (1 ml) of each agent was directly injected into the right hip ...