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Abstract: We evaluate the analytical capabilities of a BRAin Image Database (BRAID), which is used for the elucidation of structure--function relationships in the human brain through the study of lesioned structures and associated neurological deficits. For this purpose, we develop a lesion-deficit simulator (LDS), which generates artificial subjects, each of which consists of a set of functional deficits and a brain image with lesions; the deficits and lesions conform to predefined distributions. We use probability distributions to model the number, size, and spatial distribution of lesions as well as the strength and complexity of structure--function associations, and the registration error. By controlling these parameters we use the LDS to evaluate, as a case study, the Fisher exact test of independence, one of the statistical methods currently available in BRAID for detection of associations. Measures of the ability in detecting associations are obtained as a function of the number of subjec...